中华传统文化故事
知识点：《中华传统文化故事》 收集：石让倍 编辑：百合仙子
本知识点包括：1、中华传统文化故事 2、中国的传统文化的故事 3、传统文化故事有哪些 4、搜集一些传统文化小故事 5、中国传统文化一一春节.传说故事.风裕 。
文言文 宋人有耕田者.田中有株,兔走触株,折颈而死.因释其耒而守株,冀复得兔.兔不可复得,而身为宋国笑.今欲以先王之政,治当世之民,皆守株之类也.
白话文 宋国有一个农民,每天在田地里劳动.一年四季,早上天一亮就起床,扛着锄头往田野走；傍晚太阳快落山了,又扛着锄头回家.他实在是很辛苦.有一天,这个农夫正在地里干活,突然一只野兔从草丛中窜出来.野兔见到有人而受了惊吓.它拼命地奔跑,不料一下子撞到农夫地头的一截树桩子上,折断脖子死了.农夫放下手中的农活,走过去捡起死兔子.他非常庆幸自己的好运气.晚上回到家,农夫把死兔交给妻子.妻子做了香喷喷的野兔肉,两口子有说有笑美美地吃了一顿.第二天,农夫照旧到地里干活,可是他再不像以往那么专心了.守株待兔他干一会儿就朝草丛里瞄一瞄、听一听,希望再有一只兔子窜出来撞在树桩上.就这样,他心不在焉地干了一天活,该锄的地也没锄完.直到天黑也没见到有兔子出来,他很不甘心地回家了.第三天,农夫来到地边,已完全无心锄地.他把农具放在一边,自己则坐在树桩旁边的田埂上,专门等待野兔子窜出来.可是又白白地等了一天.后来,农夫每天就这样守在树桩边,希望再捡到兔子,然而他始终没有再得到.而农夫地里的野草却越长越高,把他的庄稼都淹没了.农夫因此成了宋国人议论的笑柄.[2]现在如果还要用以前的方法来治理现在的人民,就象守着一棵树等兔子来撞一样.
守株待兔的英译文
Staying by a Stump Waiting for More Hares To Come and Dash Themselves Against It
This story took place more than 2,000 years ago,in the Warring States period（475-221 B.C.）.Tradition has it that in the State of Song at that time there was a man who was famous for staying by a stump waiting for more hares to come and dash themselves against it.
He was a yong farmer,and his family had been farmers for generations.Year after year and generation after generation,farmers used to sow in spring and harvest in autumn,beginning to work at sunrise and retiring at sunset.In good harvest years,they could only have enough food to eat and enough clothing to wear.If there was a famine due to crop failure,they had to go hungry.
This young farmer wanted to improve his life.But he was too lazy and too cowardly.Being lazy and cowardly over everything,he often dreamed of having unexpected blessings.
A miracle took place at last.One day in late autumn,when he was ploughing in the field,two groups of people were hunting nearby.As shoutings were rising one after another,scared hares were running desperately.Suddenly,a blind hare dashed itself headlong against the stump of a dead tree in his field and died.
That day,he ate his fill.
1 塞翁失马
2 郑人买履
3 井底之蛙
4 东施效颦
5 自相矛盾
6 刻舟求剑
7 掩耳盗铃
8 螳臂当车
9 南柯一梦
10 水中捞月
11 邯郸学步
12 画龙点睛
13 狡兔三窟
14 梁上君子
15 与狐谋皮
16 庄周梦蝶
成语故事,随你挑
姜太公钓鱼
A Willing Victim Letting Himself Be Caught
The story happened around 3000 years ago.There was a wise man named Jiang Ziya living in a village near the Weishui River.He often went fishing at the Weishui River,but he would fish in an unusual way.He hung a straight fishhook,without bait,there feet above the water One day a farmer named Wu Ji went to the river,and saw the strange way of fishing by Ji He laughed and said,“How stupid it is to even think about fishing this way,how many fishes can you get?” Jiang Ziya replied,” lf a fish doesn’t want to live any more,it will come and swallow \the hook itself.” Soon his strange way of fishing was reported to Ji Chang,the Count of the feudal estate .Ji Chang was very interested,and went to visit Jiang personally.Soon they became great friends as Ji Chang realized that Jiang might be a great talent.He invited Jiang to work for him .Jiang helped Ji Chang and his son turn over the Shang Dynasty and establish the Zhou Dynasty.Jiang was given the title of Taigong,so people called him ’’Jiang Taigong.” Today,people use this old idiom “A willing victim Letting Himself Be Caught” to describe someone who willingly falls in a trap or does something regardless of the result.
毛遂自荐
Mao Sui Recommended Himself
In the Warring States Period ,the king of Zhao planned to ask the King of the State of Chu to resist Qin’s attacks together .He sent Pingyuan to Chu convince their king Before Pingyuan left ,a man called Mao Sui showed up ,volunteered to go with him .Pingyuan said ,”I haven’t heard that you have any special abilities ,so what help can you do over there ” Mao Sui said ,”You put me in a bag ,and my special abilities will stick out like an awl .” So Pingyuan agreed to take Mao Sui to the State of Chu .The negotiations between the two states lasted from morning to noon ,and still couldn’t come to a conclusion.At this time Mao Sui came up and said ,”Chu is a state big enough to rule the world .However ,you are so afraid of Qin.It is such a shame that we Zhao people are embarrassed by you .Now we ask you to combine our troops ,but you are acting like a coward !” The king of Chu felt ashamed after Mao Sui’s passionate words .He finally agreed to send troops tp fight Qin .This idiom describes the courage of self –recommending by people with great abilities .
对牛弹琴
Playing the Lute to a Cow
Once upon a time ,there was a man who played the lute very wellOne day ,he played a tune in front of a cow ,hoping that the cow would appreciate it .The tune was melodious ,but the cow showed no reaction ,and just kept on eating grass.The man sighed ,and went away .This idiom is used to mock the idea of reasoning with stupid people or talking to the wrong audience .
“女娲补天”是中国神话史上最为著名的一则神话,流传极广,几乎家喻户晓.它浪漫美丽,构思奇特,在全世界都极为罕见,大约除了中国人以外,其他人是根本想象不出来的,谁敢想象碧蓝碧蓝的苍天竟会塌去一洞?又有谁能想象一位美丽的女神用五彩石修补着苍穹?如果宇宙是伟大的,那么读了女娲的神话,你会感觉到女娲神比宇宙还要伟大.
女娲补天的传说最早记载于《淮南子》中.相传,水神共工与火神祝融因争夺权力而发生战争,结果是水神输了.战败的共工没处撒气,就一头把支撑天地的大柱子——不周山给撞倒了于是乎,天哗啦啦塌了一个大洞,大地上洪水泛滥,到处是熊熊的大火,六种怪兽不知道从什么地方钻了出来,残害着人类.善良的女娲神看见她的子民们在洪水和大火中四处逃生,心里十分难过,只好辛辛苦苦地去修补破损的天空.因为当时的天空已经倾斜了,于是女娲又亲自将一只巨大的龟捉来杀掉,砍下了它的四条腿,支撑在天的四面,把倾斜的天给扶正了,要不是这样．我们现代的人说不定都是歪脖子、斜眼睛.
文学名著《红楼梦》在开篇里,有一段十分精彩的描写,说的就是女娲补天的事情：“看官．你道此书从何说起?说来虽近荒唐,细玩颇有趣味.却说那女娲炼石补天之时,于大荒山无稽崖炼成高十二丈,见方二十四丈的大顽石三万六千五百零一块,那女娲只用了三万六千五百块,单剩一块未用,弃之青埂峰下,谁知此石自经锻炼之后,灵性已成,自来自去,可大可小；因见众石具得补天,独自己无才,不得人选,遂自怨愧,日夜悲哀.”后来,这块无才去补苍天的顽石,在青埂峰下滚来滚去,偶遇降殊仙草,于是引出了一段情意绵绵、泪洒纷纷的感人故事.
女娲是人类的创造者,我们以前曾提到过她抟土造人的事迹,现在她又补好了苍天,对人类来说真是功德无量.所以关于女娲的事迹流传甚广,并演变成一系列的社会风俗.
明代人杨慎在《同品》中记：“宋以正月二十三日为天穿日,言女娲氏以是日补天,俗以煎饼置屋上,名曰补天穿.”现在中原地区还有一种关于女娲补天的传说：女娲补天以后,用泥巴做成一男一女,让他们在几间结为夫妇.有一年,在过大年的时候,夫妻俩为了感谢女娲,做了很多的年粑送给她,女娲只收了一点,说：“我用了三万六千块石头补天,有一些缝没有合.你们把这些年粑带回去,在正月二十日把它吃掉,便可以将天上的缝补严.”从此以后,中原地区有了过年吃年粑的习惯,而且中原至今还传诵着这样的民谣：“二十把粑煎,吃了好补天,麦子结双吊,谷堆冒尖尖.”竟然把吃补天的煎粑作为祈祷神灵保佑,祝愿来年五谷丰登的象征.
中国历史上关于女娲补天的传说,单独见于女娲的事迹,没有和其他神的神迹相混合.从神话的主干——“补天”来看,也没有后人添加斧凿的任何痕迹.关于“女娲补天”神话出现的时间,那就很难说了,大约在文字出现以前它就广泛流传于原始部落之中.80年代以来,我们在进一步挖掘辽西红山文化的时候,曾发现一个表面像小山的建筑,剥开来一看,原来它是一个大祭坛.这个祭坛一共分三层,小抹顶,上面竟然有1000多只炼铜用的坩锅.为什么要用坩锅来祭祀神呢?有一种意见认为,这个祭祀的主题就是“女娲补天”.说来也巧,人们在红山文化的墓葬中发现了一些小的玉石做成的龟,但奇怪的是,这些龟都没有头和四足.专家们从这些证据推断,龟没有头和足正好应了《淮南子》中关于女娲补天“断鳌足以立四极”的记载.从而推测,祭坛所祭祀的一定是女娲.如果真是这样的话,那么“女娲补天”的神话就可以上推到距今7000多年以前,比中国最早的文字尚早2000多年.
那么,“女娲补天”的真实性呢?即为什么会有女娲补天这样的神话出现?有人曾说,女娲补天在中国象征着冶炼工业的开始,从红山考古的情况来说似乎证明了这一推论,然而如何去理解神话中“天穿一洞”呢?说来说去,“女娲补天”是将“天穿一洞”作为前提的,没有这个前提也就没有了“女娲补天”的神话.20世纪80年代,科学家在北极的上空发现了臭氧层空洞,也是靠先进的科学仪器探知的,那么古人是如何将本来就虚无的天空想象出塌了一个大洞呢?这太不可思议了!
别人认为：“天穿一洞”与“天倾西北”一样,如果没有直接的视觉感受,是任何人无法想象出来.不要以为人的想象力是无边无沿的、无所不能的,人类的想象力同样受到许多东西的限制.《西游记》奇不奇?太空大战玄不玄?但若仔细分析,它们都可以在实实在在的现实生活里找到离奇中的真实性,猪八戒不过是人身上安了个猪头而已,但没有任何一位古人可以想象出现代的航天飞机,更没有人会想象出电子计算机.因此,若没有现实的真实性作为依据,古人无论如何也想象不出“天穿一洞”的情景.
那么,这个真实的背景又是什么呢?只能这样认为：上古时代的人们真的亲眼看见到过“天”塌去了一块,所以才会有“天穿一洞”和“女娲补天”的神话出现.我们今天之所以觉得“女娲补天”的神话难以理解,是因为我们的大脑中一直认为天只有一个,那就是现在的天,而现在这个天是不可能穿一个洞的,更不可能轰得塌去一块.问题是上古时代的“天”与我们今天的“天”是否一样呢
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